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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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    Windows 7落幕 硬件市场准备好了吗******

      北京时间1月10日,Windows 7操作系统将结束ESU,即付费外延扩展支持,对于企业用户来说,即便是想再掏钱,微软也不会再下发安全补丁了。在运营了14年之后,微软这款经典产品告别市场,随着软件不断更新升级,硬件真的准备好了吗?

      系统“走太快”

      资料显示,Windows 7发布于2009年10月,2015年结束主流支持,2020年结束外延支持,随后微软上线了ESU,允许通过付费的方式订阅安全补丁。据了解, 虽然微软官方已经暂停Windows 7的维护,但是安装了Windows 7的用户,依然可以继续使用。

      虽然从2020年开始,Windows 7便开始了下线倒计时,许多用户不得已开始升级至Windows 10,但值得关注的是,不少用户升级后便删除了该系统,转回了Windows 8.1的出厂设置系统,而怀念Windows 7的声音则开始发酵,数据也反映了这一点,截至2019年10月,Windows 7市场占有率仍接近57%。

      朱先生是一名国企职工,疫情居家办公期间,他常用自己的笔记本电脑处理一些表单,他向北京商报记者表示,虽然现在已经习惯于Windows 10,但上手之初却感到诸多不便,觉得新系统太过花哨,例如Windows 10有两套界面风格,即Win23和UWP,界面风格不统一,而更改设置的地方则有两个,即控制面板和“设置”,这些新的设计并未增强使用体验,反而容易让用户混淆。

      不过更多的声音反映Windows 10比此前的版本更慢,北京商报记者在微博等平台发现,不少用户称Windows 10和自己手里面老旧的电脑不相匹配,界面闪退、电脑蓝屏等问题并不少见,就连开机用时也比此前的Windows 7长了不少,更加花哨的Windows 10自然也多出不少后台进程,让一些搭载了i5处理器的用户也感觉“带不动”。

      电脑“卖不动”

      尽管如此,微软更新的脚步丝毫不慢,2021年10月,微软推出了Windows 11,据悉,Windows 11会保持一年一更的节奏,每年下半年上线,支持时间24个月,而企业客户则为36个月。

      实际上,微软并非意识不到老电脑用户对新系统的抵触,微软在官网支持页面中写道:“大多数Windows 7设备将不符合升级到Windows 11的硬件要求,作为替代方案,兼容的Windows 7电脑可以通过购买和安装完整版本的软件升级到Windows 10。”

      产业观察家洪仕斌认为,微软作为软件大厂,在一定程度上已经察觉到软件、硬件的更新速度不一,尤其近年来个人电脑出货下滑明显,用户换新电脑的周期越来越长,这些因素不利于新版系统的铺开。

      数据也佐证了这一点,据分析机构Canalys发布数据,2022年三季度个人电脑遭遇需求大幅下滑,台式机和笔记本电脑在三季度的总出货量同比下降18%至6940万台,其中,笔记本电脑出货量受影响最大,同比下降19%至5470万台。

      洪仕斌指出,从大背景看,近年来持续的疫情以及多国经济下行叠加高通胀影响,让消费电子市场笼罩着一片愁云惨雾,从个人PC这一品类来看,如今越来越多的电子产品都能作为互联网入口,无疑分摊掉了许多PC电脑方面的需求,而更为重要的是,尽管市场上游戏本依旧是一重要品类,不过从整体PC产业来看,它并没有踏上如今游戏、社交需求的风口,反而是手机以肉眼可见的速度变得愈发智能,承担了以上需求。

      专家指出,面对此种情况,整机厂商或应考虑对笔记本功能的进一步细分,将更多精力放置在轻薄本、独显本这样的办公刚需品类,游戏本尽管能够撑起高端产品条线,但其毕竟属于改善型消费,在个人消费日益谨慎的今天恐增长有限,突出电脑生产工具属性的同时,进一步改善成本结构,下探价格或是当前较为实际的策略。

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